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In Christian theology the name of God has always had much deeper meaning and significance than being just a label or designator. In Christianity, the name of God is not a human invention, but has divine origin and is based on divine revelation.〔〔 Respect for the name of God is one of the Ten Commandments, which Christians teachings view not simply an avoidance of the improper use of the name of God, but as a directive to exalt it, through both pious deeds and praise.〔''The Ten Commandments: Interpretation: Resources for the Use of Scripture in the Church'' by Patrick D. Miller (Aug 6, 2009) ISBN 0664230555 page 111〕 This is reflected in the first petition in the Lord's Prayer addressed to God the Father: "Hallowed be Thy Name".〔''Theology of the New Testament'' by Georg Strecker (2000) ISBN 0664223362 page 282〕 Going back to the Church Fathers, the name of God has been seen as a representation of the entire system of "divine truth" revealed to the faithful "that believe on his name" as in John 1:12 or "walk in the name of the our God" in Micah 4:5.〔''Ten Commandments'' by Arthur W. Pink (Dec 30, 2007) ISBN 1589603753 pages 23-24〕〔 In Revelation 3:12 those who bear the name of God are destined for Heaven. John 17:6 presents the teachings of Jesus as the manifestation of the name of God to his disciples.〔 John 12:27 presents the sacrifice of Jesus the Lamb of God, and the ensuing salvation delivered through it as the glorification of the name of God, with the voice from Heaven confirming Jesus' petition ("Father, glorify thy name") by saying: "I have both glorified it, and will glorify it again" referring to the Baptism and crucifixion of Jesus.〔 The Bible usually uses the name of God in the singular (e.g. Ex. 20:7 or Ps. 8:1), generally using the terms in a very general sense rather than referring to any special designation of God.〔 However, general references to the name of God may branch to other special forms which express his multifaceted attributes.〔 Scripture presents many references to the names for God, but the key names in the Old Testament are: ''God the High and Exalted One'', ''El-Shaddai'' and ''Jehovah''. In the New Testament ''Theos'', ''Kurios'' and ''Pateras'' (πατέρας i.e. Father in Greek) are the essential names.〔''Manual Of Christian Doctrine'' by Louis Berkhof (Aug 1, 2007) ISBN 1930367902 pages 19-20〕 ==Old Testament== The Old Testament usually uses the name of God in the singular (e.g. Ex. 20:7 or Ps. 8:1), generally using the terms in a very general sense rather than referring to any special designation of God.〔 However, the general name of God may branch to other special names which express his multifaceted attributes.〔 The simplest form by which God is referred to in the Old Testament is 'El, likely derived from His being first and foremost.〔〔''Mercer dictionary of the Bible'' by Watson E. Mills, Roger Aubrey Bullard 1998 ISBN 0-86554-373-9 page 336〕〔 Elohim (singular Eloah) is likely derived from the same root and points to God as being strong and mighty, able to judge and to strike fear.〔〔 Elyon refers to elevation and being exalted.〔''Systematic Theology by Louis Berkhof (Sep 24, 1996) ISBN 0802838200 pages47-51〕 These are, however, not proper names for God, but epithets also used for rulers and judges.〔 Adonai has a similar context and refers to God as a powerful ruler.〔〔 Similarly, El-Shaddai, derived from "shad" i.e. Lord, also points to the power of God.〔 Yahweh is the principal name in the Old Testament by which God reveals himself and is the most sacred, distinctive and incommunicable name of God.〔 Based on Lev, 24:16: "He that blasphemes the name of Yahweh shall surely be put to death", Jews generally avoided the use of Yahweh and substituted Adonai or Elohim for it when reading Scripture.〔 The pronunciation of YHWH in the Old Testament can never be certain, given that the original Hebrew text only used consonants.〔 The English form Jehovah was formed during the Middle Ages by combining the Latinization of the four consonants YHWH with the vowel points that Masoretes used to indicate that the reader should say Adonai when YHWH was encountered.〔 Thus Jehovah was obtained by adding the vowels of Adonai to the consonants of YHWH.〔 Jehovah appears in Tyndale's Bible, the King James Version, and other translations from that time period and later. For instance, Jehovah's Witnesses make consistent use of ''Jehovah''.〔 ' 〕 Many English translations of the Bible translate the Tetragrammaton as '''', following the Jewish practice of substituting Adonai for it.〔 〕 In the same sense as the substitution of Adonai, the Septuagint translation of the Hebrew Bible to Greek mainly used the word ''Kyrios'' ((ギリシア語:Κύριος), meaning 'lord') for YHWH.〔''The Letters of Paul'', Fifth Edition by Calvin J. Roetzel (Oct 30, 2009) ISBN 0664233929 pages 21-22〕 Apostle Paul was likely familiar with the use of the term Kyrios in the Septuagint and used it in his letters to refer to Jesus, thus signifying his divinity.〔〔''Mercer dictionary of the Bible'' by Watson E. Mills, Roger Aubrey Bullard 1998 ISBN 0-86554-373-9 pages 520-525〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Names of God in Christianity」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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